2023 2024 MBA - Kashmir University B.Sc Syllabus

As per your request here I am giving you syllabus for B.Sc. Geology 1st semester course of Kashmir University LEH campus.

Syllabus for B.Sc. Geology 1st semester course

Theory
Fundamentals of Geology
Introduction to the science of geology: Definition, branches, scope and importance, History
of Geology; Modern theories about the origin of solar system; Evolution of continents and
oceans
Relation with other branches of sciences; Role of physics, chemistry and paleobiology in the
development of ideas about earth. Role of Physics in crystallography, gravity, geomagnetism,
isostasy, earthquakes and microscopy. Role of Chemistry in chemical bonds, crystal
chemistry, solution chemistry, chemical energetics.
Introduction to rocks and minerals: Rocks as natural mineral aggregates; types of rocks:
igneous rocks; sedimentary rocks; metamorphic rocks.
Preliminary knowledge about the most common rock forming and economic minerals
Physical properties and chemical composition of the earth and earth’s crust.
Geology as the history of Earth: How the rocks record history – (a) Fossils (b) Mineralogy
and the texture; (c) Structures; (d) Palaeogeography, Paleoclimate. Surface relief of the earth.
Exogenous and endogenous process.
Various Geospheres: Atmosphere; origin and evolution; structure, composition and energy
balance; Heat budget; Ocean; origin and evolution; ocean circulation and its role in global
climate;

Crystallography
Crystallography: Introduction to crystallography, geometrical nature of the order of crystals.
Translation vectors, planar and space lattices. Normal class of crystal systems.
Morphology of crystals: Face, edge and solid angle, interfacial angle and Law of constancy of
interfacial angles. Axial system and axial ratios. Parameter system of Weiss, Miller indices.
Law of Rationality of indices.
Crystal growth and twining: Growth of crystals from solutions and from a melt under
controlled conditions, crystal growth in open fractures, solution cavities and vesicles.
Twining in crystals: Types, causes and laws
Crystal forms: Crystallized, crystalline, cryptocrystalline and amorphous. Crystal habit:
elongated, tabular, flattened and equant. Form of crystalline and cryptocrystalline
aggregates–types, examples and use in mineral identification.
Crystal chemistry: Dimorphism, polymorphism, pseudomorphism, isomorphism and solid
solution.

Mineralogy
Mineralogy: definition, scope and classification of silicate minerals and ore forming (oxide/
sulphide) minerals. Scalar and vector properties of minerals; Moho’s scale of hardness.
Feldspar, Mica, Amphibole, Pyroxene, Olivine, Garnet, Chlorite, and Carbonate.
Mineral optics: Elements of optics. Optics of isotopic medium – refractive index, Snell’s law
of critical angle, anisotropic media.
Polarization and interference of light. Polaroid, polarizing microscope- construction and use.
Use of accessory plates. Pleochroism and Birefringence.
Optical indicatrix: isotropic, uniaxial and biaxial indicatrix.
Optical properties of minerals under plane-polarized and cross-polarized light: Forms,
cleavage, fractures and parting, refractive index and relief, Becke line and its use.

Practical:
Field Work
Study of landforms, erosional and depositional features. Handling of Clinometer and Brunton
compass for Measuring dip and strike, and plotting of field data on toposheets.

Crystallography & Mineralogy
Demonstration of space lattice, model-Galena, Fluorite, Sphalerite, Pyrite and Calcite.
Clinographic projection of the following crystals form: Cube, Octahedron, Zircon, Beryl,
Calcite and Gypsum. Study of the physical properties of important rock-forming minerals as
included in the theory paper. Study of optical properties of important rock forming minerals
as included in the theory paper. Clinographic projections of the following crystals forms:
Cube, Octahedron, Zircon Beryl, calcite and Gypsum.

Syllabus for B.Sc. Geology 1st Semester Course

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Contact:
Kashmir University
Hazratbal, Srinagar,
Jammu & Kashmir,
India,
190006
Email:
info@kashmiruniversity.net
Admin phone:
+91 (194) 227 2096
+91 (194) 227 2097