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Re: Jammu University PG Entrance Syllabus
Ok, here I am providing you the syllabus of Chemistry of Jammu University Entrance Test JUET PG Entrance exam JUET PG exam Chemistry syllabus Physical Chemistry: Colloidal State: Classification of colloids. Solids in liquids (sols): properties kinetic, optical and electrical stability of colloids, Protective action, Hardy-Schulze law, Gold number. Solid State: Space lattice, unit cell, Laws of crystallography- (i) Law of constancy of interfacial angles (ii) Law of rationality of indices (iii) Law of symmetry. Symmetry elements in crystals. Gaseous State: Postulates of kinetic theory of gases, Deviation from ideal behavior, van der walls equation of state, Molecular Velocities: Root mean square, average and most probable velocities, Qualitative discussion of the Maxwell’s distribution of molecular velocities, collision number, mean free path and collision diameter. Liquid State: Structural differences between solid, liquid and gas, Difference between liquid crystal, solid and liquid. Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis: Rate of a reaction, factors influencing the rate of a reaction-concentration, temperature, pressure, solvent, light, catalyst. Concentration dependence of rates, Mathematical characteristics of simple chemical reactions-zero order, first order, second order, pseudo order, half life and mean life. Determination of the order of reaction-differential method, method of integration, method of half life period, Effect of temperature on rate of reaction, Arrhenius equation, concept of activation energy. Simply collision theory, transition state theory (equilibrium hypothesis). Expression for the rate constant based on equilibrium constant and thermodynamic aspects. Thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics, Internal energy and enthalpy, Heat capacity, heat capacities at constant volume, pressure and their relationship, Joule’s law. Joule-Thomson coefficient and inversion temperature. Calculation of w, q, d U & d H for the expansion of ideal gases under isothermal and adiabatic conditions for reversible process. Second law of thermodynamics: Carnot cycle and its efficiency, Carnot theorem, Thermodynamic scale of temperature. Concept of entropy: entropy as a state function, entropy as a function of V & T, entropy as a function of P & T, entropy as criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium. Entropy change in ideal gases and mixing of gases. Chemical Equilibrium: Equilibrium constant and free energy, thermodynamic derivation of law of mass action. Le Chatelier’s principle. Phase Equilibrium: Statement and meaning of the term-phase, component and degree of freedom, derivation of Gibbs phase rule, phase equilibrium of one component system-water. Electrochemistry: Electrical transport-conduction in metals and in electrolyte solution, specific conductance and equivalent conductance, measurement of equivalent conductance, variation of equivalent and specific conductance with dilution, Migration of ions and Kohlrausch law, Arrchenius theory of electrolytes, dissociation and its limitations, weak and strong electrolytes, Ostwald’s dilution law its uses and limitation, Debye-Huckel-Onsager’s equation for strong electrolytes – elementary treatment only. Transport number, definition and determination by Hittorf method and moving boundary method. Applications of conductivity measurements: determination of (i) degree of dissociation (ii) Ka of acids (iii) solubility product of sparingly soluble salt, Conductometric titrations, concentration cell with and without transport, liquid junction potential, potentiometric titrations. Definition of pH and pKa, Determination of pH using hydrogen, quinhydrone and glass electrodes by potentiometric methods. Buffers-mechanism of buffer action. Elementary Quantum Mechanics: Black-body radiation, Plank’s radiation law, photoelectric effect, heat capacity of solids, Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom (no derivation) and its defects, de Broglie hypothesis, Heisenberg’s uncertainity principle, Hamiltonian operater, Schrodinger wave equation, physical interpretation of the wave function, postulates of quantum mechanics. Solution of the Schrodinger equation for particle in a box. Solution, dilute solutions and colligative properties: Ideal and non-ideal solutions, methods of expressing concentrations of solutions, activity and activity coeffieicnt. Dilute solution, colligative properties, Raoult’s law, relative lowering of vapour pressure, molecular weight determination. Osmosis, law of osmotic pressure and its measurement, determination of molecular weight from osmotic pressure. Elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point. Abnormal molar mass, degree of dissociation and association of solutes. Inorganic Chemistry: Chemical bonding: VSEPR theory, valence bond theory and hybridization models, MO theory, multicenter bonding, percentage ionic character from dipole moment and electronegativity difference. Ionic structures, radius ratio rule, lattice defects, semiconductors, lattice energy and Born-Haber cycle, solvation energy and solubility of ionic solids, Fajan’s rule, metallic bond, weak interactions. Chemistry of elements of transition series: General characteristics, comparative study of 3d, 4d and 5d transition elements in respect of ionic radii, oxidation states, magnetic behavior, spectral properties and stereochemistry. Werner’s theory, nomenclature and isomerism in coordination compounds, crystal-field theory. Hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB): Classification of acids and bases hard and soft. Pearson’s HSAB concept. Symbiosis, theoretical basis of hardness and softness, electronegativity and hardness and softness. Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of metal complexes: Thermodynamic stability of metal complexes and factors affecting the stability, substitution reactions of square planer complexes. Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes: Types of magnetic behavior, methods of determining magnetic susceptibility, L-S coupling, application of magnetic moment data for metal complexes. Organometallic Chemistry: Definition, nomenclature and classification of organometallic compounds. Peparation, properties, bonding of metal-alkyls, metal-alkene complexes, homogeneous hydrogenation, metal carbonyls. Bioinorganic Chemistry: Essential and trace elements in biological processes, metalloporphyrins with special reference to haemoglobin and myoglobin. Biological role of alkaline earth metal ions. Nitrogen fixation. Organic Chemistry: Structure and Bonding: Charge transfer complexes, resonance, hyperconjugation, aromaticity, inductive and field effects, hydrogen bonding. Reactive intermediates: Carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes (with examples). Optical isomerism: Elements of symmetry, Enantiomers, diastereomers, relative and absolute configuration. Geometrical isomerism: E & Z system of nomenclature. Alkenes: The Saytzeff rules, Hofmann elimination, relative stabilities, electrophilic and free-radical addition, Markownikoff’s rule, hydroborations-oxidation. Alkanes: Isomerism in alkanes, methods of formation Wurtz reaction, Kolbe reaction, Corey House reaction and decarboxylation of carboxylic acids). Aromatic electrophilic substitution: general pattern of the mechanism, role of and - complexes. Mechanism of nitration, halogenation, sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts reaction. Activating and deactivating substituents, orientation and ortho/para ratio. Nucleophillic substitution: SN2 and SN1 reactions. Spectroscopy: IR, Intensity and position of IR bands, fingerprint region, characteristic absorptions of various functional groups and interpretation of IR spectra of simple organic compounds. 1H-NMR: nuclear shielding and deshielding, chemical shift and molecular structure, spin-spin splitting and coupling constants, PMR spectra of ethyl bromide, ethanol, acetaldehyde, 1,1,2-tribromoethane, ethyl acetate, toluene and acetophenone. Monohydric alcohols: formation by reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters. Dihydric alcohols: oxidative cleavage [Pb(OAC)4 and HIO4] and Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement. Phenols: Reimer Tiemann reaction, Fries rearrangement. Carbonyl compounds: Nucleophilic addition to carbonyl group, Benzoin, Aldol, Perkin and Knoevenagel condensations. Baeyer- Villiger oxidation, Cannizzaro reaction, Wolff-Kishner, LiAIH4 reduction. Relative stability of acyl derivatives. Interconversion of acid derivatives. Preparation of carboxylic acid derivatives, Chemical reactions. Carbonyl enolates: Alkylation of diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate. Claisen condensation. Keto-enol tautomerism. Grignard reagents: formation, structure and chemical reactions. Amino acids: classification, structure and stereochemistry, acid base behavior, isoelectric point and electrophoresis. Heterocyclic Compounds: synthesis, aromatic characteristics of pyrrole, furan, thiophene and pyridine and their electrophilic substitution. Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions in pyridine. Comparison of basicity of pyridine, piperidine and pyrrole. Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, Mechanism of osazone formation, interconversion of glucose and fructose, chain lengthening and chain shortening of aldoses. Synthetic Polymers: addition or chain-growth polymerization, Ziegler-Natta polymerization and vinyl polymers. Condensation or step growth polymerization. Contact- Jammu University Jammu 180006 |
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